IC.3 Debord’s ‘La Société du spectacle’ from Xawki on Vimeo.

Oscar Gomez / Ranjini Manimudi / Seif El-Din Shawky / Vicente Gasco

- ‘La Société du spectacle’ by Guy Debord (1973)
-music track ‘Situationisten_B1′ by Guy Debord
- KAPITAAL by STUDIOSMACK (2005)

Click here to see the video

While the mainstream view on the slums describes them as places to escape from and to destroy as soon as possible, more and more people look at slums in a different way. What if we analyze the slum and approach it as a self organized system that contains both flexible participatory input and a defined structure? Research on relocation of occupants of slums to housing projects shows that most of them are not satisfied with the move and would have preferred to have stayed in their homes. This means that people actually like to live in slums and there must be a reason for it. The squatter cities can teach us much about future urban living. (Brand 2010) An urban slum could be reviewed as an example of a structure that could be used while developing future projects. The purpose of this paper is to explore the positive aspects of slums and the lessons that can be learned from them. Is it worth it? Are there any real perspectives for slum structures?

ANNA POPOVA IAAC MAA 11-12 THEORY FINAL PAPER

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fS7kF_7QKcQ

The aim of this work was the analysis of the book “Space is the machine” by Bill Hillier. This study includes contemporary interventions based on the concepts showed in the book and the critical analysis as conclusions.

Fundamental concepts:

• Buildings and cities are complex networks of space which support activities, movement and interaction.

• “Space is the machine” shows tools and techniques to understand the abstract interaction network from cities and buildings.

• Abstract networks are structured in the spatial patterns and people’s behavior. At the first sight spatial configuration could seems disorganized and complex, but everything can be measured, counted and graphically interpreted.

• The complete analysis and comprehension of the form and function of cities and buildings gives the necessary elements to make decisions about design.

• In this book, the method of design based on functionalism is highly questioned, because the spatial activities and forms cannot be assumed as general patterns for all the locations.

• At the end “Space is the machine” proposes to architects the challenge to design and make architecture based on scientific and meticulous knowledge of a particular space.

Practical interventions:

Jeddah: The regeneration of the center of Jeddah

• The strategy implemented for the re structuration of the center of Jeddah City is an example of the real application of concepts explained in “Space is the machine”. Final results are being studied right now, but the first analysis is the important.

• Jeddah is a complex city with different environmental, cultural and economical backgrounds. The city has a fragmented structure that affects specially the social behavior of the inhabitants.

• Advanced spatial diagnostic methodology was developed to show the structure of the exiting city and the  unplanned settlements around. This exercise helps to understand the configuration of the space and its interaction with people.

• Based on this analysis, a strategy was decided upon to realign and link the smaller fragments to the larger structure of city-wide routes. This solution is being implemented in the city as part of the master urban plan.

Conclusions:

• “Space is the machine” provides “non-discursive techniques” to obtain information about how the spatial configuration of a city or building works. However, a city is a constantly changing organism that produces new information through time.

• The time is variable not considered through the study proposed by “Space is the machine”.  Time should be involved in the analysis of the spatial configuration at any scale. The spatial configuration of cities should be understood from real time data, because cities are under constant dynamics of interaction between space.

• Also, the analysis should include spaces and functions  at any scale, form the unplanned settlements to entire continents. The range between buildings and cities  is limited.

Bibliographic References:

Hillie, Bill. 2004,  2007. Space is the machine. London: Space Syntax e-edition.

http://www.slideboom.com/presentations/78303/Using-space-syntax-to-regenerate-the-historic-centre-of-Jeddah

Refer to: Space_is_the_machine

Design answers should preserve the unique character and sense of the places. Generic solutions came from general assumption of the problems, which is not real. Social patterns and spatial process are interaction forces highly define by the environment and the time. For this reason the comprehension of how people work together with the form and function gives particular variations that should be organized and shaped by the architecture.

The aim of this paper * is to study how logics and functions of the space should be properly introduced before designing architectural strategies. The present research is based on the analysis of the cultural, social, economic and environmental configurations in the Andean unplanned settlements in Ecuador. These studies show that the mentioned settlements have complex systems of social and environmental interactions based on the cultural and economic configuration of the communities. The complexity of the spatial layouts constitutes the conceptual framework for architectural strategies. For this reason the spatial configuration analysis is an important tool to diagnostic how people conceive and work on living places. In the same way, the social and spatial image of the Andean settlements should be projected in social housing solutions and in the articulation plans between unplanned settlements and urban areas.

*IAAC MAA 11-12 THEORY FINAL PAPER_DIANA_LEON

“The World-Wide Web was developed to be a pool of human knowledge, and human culture, which would allow collaborators in remote sites to share their ideas and all aspects of a common project”.
(Sir Tim Berners-Lee et al. 1994)

It gave people the chance to work together, being in the different parts of the globe, sometimes never even seeing each other in the real life.
Then, in 1998 an era of Open source software began. Open source concept gave birth to plenty prosperous software and web projects (e.g. Wikipedia, Linux OS) and at this stage proved itself to be very efficient.
Let’s take a look at the way people collaborate in architecture. They use internet to connect each other and share information, but do they reach the full capacity of the knowledge they can get? The state of the art of collaboration in architecture can be compared to the level of development of the collaboration used in web and software design somewhere between 1991 and 1998. But what if we made a step further? If the “hive mind”1 was used in architecture practice, it could become incredibly efficient, and lots of breakthroughs could happen.
Shouldn’t we try to catch up?

Bibliographic references:

• Kelly, Kevin 1994. Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, & the Economic World. Addison Wesley, MA.
• Kelly, Kevin 2008. Bottom is not Enough
• Leach, Neil 2011. Swarm Intelligence.

Architecture tends to be considered as a three dimensional discipline. However, since the appearance of mass media, the presence of architecture and its compositional values in the two-dimensional press releases should not be ignored. For that reason, nowadays, is interesting to explore if and in which way editorials implement architectural tools and references to influence consumer’s behavior and subsequently the mechanisms of production and evolution of society. This analysis will be mainly focused on decoration magazines and especially on these which refer to the general public, narrowing the examples to two traced from Greece. Continuously, the definition of the notion of “lifestyle” according to the marketing theories will allow the contemplation on how specific ways of life can be connected to certain decorative styles and how can this finally be perceived from one’s social surroundings. It is important to note that the key point for this analysis is the idea of the “myth” as it was developed by Roland Barthes (Barthes 1991). Furthermore, it has to be noted that the indirect messages transmitted to a reader, which are homogenously integrated in the flow of content will be used as the base point of the analysis. According to Jean Baudrillard, in our days the way you choose to launch a product has the same importance as the product itself (Baudrillard 1987) so in this case how a message is transmitted (a situation which needs a transmitter and a receiver) as well as the connotations within it need to be explored. Finally, certain keys-readings, such as the theories of semiotics, the analysis of the bourgeoisie by the Frankfurt School, as well as the modern theories of marketing can be crucial for understanding this process and its consequences.

Barthes, Roland. 1991. Mythologies. Annette Lavers trans. New York: The Noonday Press-Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Baudrillard, Jean. 1998. The Consumer Society: Myths and Structures. Chris Turner trans. Nottingham: Nottingham Trent University and Theory, Culture & Society.

Linn Tale Haugen, Oslo School of Architecture and Design, 2009

It is a fact that we have, for a long time, been moving away from the Fordist mass production system. In the past globalization’s effect segmented the production and assembly line in small parts and scattered them all around the world to follow raw materials and cheap labor. But today we are on the verge of a complete and utter revolution regarding the scale and way we produce commodities. It is the introduction of digital fabrication and computation in a completely different context that is bound to change the way we consume and fabricate goods in our cities.
It is most probable that in the nearby future every neighbor will have a small factory, the size of an apartment, where customers, or in other cases citizens, will be able to download designs of furniture, clothes, tools or whatever, customize them. or even generate them themselves and 3d print them, laser cut them or mill them, generally fabricate them exactly the way they want and need them.
Mass production will and has to give way to mass customization and a more conscious and smart use of materials. The new technologies of fabrication, the modern computational techniques and the customization of production offer design a unique opportunity to explore the possibilities of new materials or new techniques of using existing materials and utilizing material behaviour to achieve better-smarter performance.

Architecture like art has followed throughout history a movement, a theoretical basis that had been dictating aesthetic and functionality guidelines to be followed, exploring different approaches to function and form, finding diverse solutions to the same problem, the built environment; independent to the use of the building these guidelines have been followed in order to fit a scheme of progress revolving economic, political, and social issues.

Nowadays, we have come to a time where aesthetics have been explored, but more importantly we need to focus on function, not as a movement, but as a global need of understanding that we have limited resources and architecture should directly respond to these needs prior to any other matter. Preserving and regenerating, using every resource in the most responsible manner that is possible with the help of a new set of tools and technology available to us, architecture should now respond to guidelines based merely on the environmental impact, the effect it has con society, and its role in shaping the city, today we find available a new toolbox, a new form of understanding, solving, visualizing that can help us achieve this responsible usage.