At first we did design of aluminium sphere as constructive assembly of joints and folding. Design strategy was based on using the 0.3 mm thick aluminium and the EndCut Mill tool 0.3 mm in diameter. In this case one mill cut matches thickness of material, making joints possible.

As we starded to mill our material, we realized that parts designed for joints are too thin and fragile to be succesfull. Because of that we focused only on the folding of aluminium. This was done by engraving the folding lines.

We also had problems with melting of aluminum during the milling process. But we were able to cut of the melted part manually.

During the cutting exercise was used natural wood with thickness of 3mm. Design sphere included interconnecting 3  horizontal circular area with 12 vertical “slices” using method of slits with offset of 0.5 mm according to the thickness of the material.  As a result of the exercise, obtained a very compact, solid sphere  without need for  using glue or other linkers.

FORMULA:

Zinc (Zn)

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION:

Zinc  is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is an essential trace mineral present in a rock, soil, air and water. Zinc is used in alloys such as brass, nickel silver and aluminium solder. Large quantities of zinc are used to produce die-castings which are important in the automobile, electrical and hardware industries. It is also used extensively to galvanise other metals such as iron to prevent rusting. Zinc oxide is widely used in the manufacture of very many products such as paints, rubber, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, plastics, inks, soaps, batteries, textiles and electrical equipment. Zinc sulfide is used in making luminous dials and fluorescent lights.

EXTRACTION AND REFINING PROCESS:

Roasting and sintering; electrolysis and smelting, require the prior removal of sulfur in a reaction:

BASIC PROPERTIES:

compressive strength (N/M2)

tensile strength (N/M2)                                   28

stiffness (N/M2)

density  (KG/M3)                                               7140

carbon footprint (average KGCO2E/KG)

recyclable                                                           YES

laser                                                                     YES

small laser                                                          YES

milling                                                                 YES

3d printing                                                         YES

ADVANTAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL FABRICATION:

ESSENTIAL role in the biological proceses of all humans, plants and animals

PROTECTION-ability to protect still from corroison

RECYCLING infinitely without loss of properties and quality

SUSTAINABLE sorce of energy systems

NON FERROUS metal that can be cut with CO2 laser

FLEXIBLE, ELASTIC, SUITABLE for shaping-3D printing

MATERIAL SUPLIERS:

Servei Estacio   http://www.serveiestacio.com/ca

PRICE:

13,5 EURO 200x1000x0,6mm

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION/FORMULA:

(C3H6)n

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION:

Polypropylene is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic. It is a linear hydrocarbon polymer, which serves both as fiber and plastic. It is used in packaging, textiles, thermal underwear, carpets, laboratory equipments, loudspeakers etc. PP has an intermediate level of crystallinity between low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethylene(HDPE) and has a low level of electrical conductivity. Polypropylne is close to polyethylne but has higher working temperatures and tensile strength than polyethylene. It also has a high melting point compared to other plastics.

EXTRACTION PROCESS:

Propylene is obtained, along with ethylene, by cracking naphtha (crude oil light distillate). It is separated by low temperature fractional distillation. After the propylene monomer is subjected to heat and pressure, PP is manufactured from propylene gas in the presence of a catalyst. Polymerisation is achieved at relatively low temperature and pressure and the product yielded is translucent, but readily coloured.

BASIC PROPERTIES:

Compressive Strength (N/m2)                             40000000

Tensile Strength (N/m2)                                      950000 – 1300000

Stiffness (N/m2)                                                   1.5 – 2.0 x 109

Density (kg/m3)                                                   905

Carbon Footprint (average,KGCO2E/KG)         3,456 ( Less CO2 equivalents by weight than PET,PS and PVC.)

Recyclable                                                             Yes (Polypropylene recyling rates are increasing by year.)

Laser                                                                      Yes

Small Laser                                                            Yes

Milling

3D Printing                                                            No

ADVANTAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL FABRICATION:

Polypropylene is a material which is shapeable. It is easy to give a form. PP is normally though and flexible. It can be used also by twisting, bending or folding. It has good resistance to fatigue. It is lightweight, and does not absorb the water. On the other hand, it is economical.

MATERIAL SUPLIERS:

Complas                     http://www.complasbcn.com/

Servei Estacio            http://www.serveiestacio.com/

Lork Industria           http://www.lorkindustrias.com/

Sunclear                     http://www.sunclear.es/

PRICE : 

3.86 eu/m2 (Complas)

5.20 eu/m2 (Servei Estacio)

REFERENCES:

Generative Installation, Diaphanous

Mexico, 2011

Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey

Advanced Prototypes / Department of Industrial Design

By Gabriel Esquivel & David Hernandez

http://archinect.com/people/project/15906375/diaphanus/15909988

____________________________________________________________

Exhibition Minimal Complexity MC/2*, Complex Surfaces

London,2012

International Architecture & Design Showcase

Office of Surface Architects

By Vlad Tenu

http://www.arch2o.com/mc2-london-2012-vlad-tenu-surface/

http://happytribe.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Agar-Agar-Powder.jpg

AGAR_LIQUID FORM

AGAR_JELLY FORM

TECHNICAL SHEET

Scientific name:

vinyl methyl silsesquioxane

Chemical composition:

2C+SiO2

Material description:

Translucent material with a smooth surface and thickness from 0.5 to 4.0 mm.

It’s waterproof and resistant to ozone and UV. It’s temperature range goes

from -55 to 300 C.Silicone rubber is an elastomer composed of silicone—itself

a polymer—containin silicon together with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Translucent silicone rubber is chemically inert with no odor oroutgassing

properties in its solid state. Translucent rubber maintains good tensile strength

for a thinner material. Also meets FDA standards.

Extraction process:

silicones are mixed inorganic-organic polymers with the chemical formula

[R2SiO]n, where R is an organic group such as methyl, ethyl, or phenyl.

Basic properties:

Compressive strength:                          20 MPa

Tensile strength:                                   9.0 MPa

Stiffness:                                               60 Shore

Carbon footprint average:

Recyclable:                                           Yes

Laser:                                                    Yes

Small laser:                                           Yes

Milling:                                                   Yes

3D printing:                                            No

Material supliers:

1. Sucesores de Antonio Norverto, sociedad limitada

Calle Bolivia, 340, 08018, Barcelona

2. Manufacturados Espanoles de resinas fluoradas S.L.

Calle Cobalt, 101, 08907, Hospitalet de Liobregat, Barcelona

3. Establecimentos OR 64 SL

Calle Joan Casanovas Maristany, 08739, Subirats, Barcelona

4. Dicoinsa SL

Calle Pisuegra, 2, 08028, Barcelona

5. Siliconas Tecnicas SL

Calle Italia, 1, 08520, Franqueses del Valles, Barcelona

6. Componentes de los fluidos SL

Passeo Congost, 153, 08530, Garriga, Barcelona

7. Atma maquinaria para caucho SL

Calle Biugetes, 7, 08791, Sant Llorenc d’Hortons, Barcelona

8. Servei Estacio    http://www.mwmaterialsworld.com/

9.Lork industrials http://www.lorkindustrias.com/contacto_eng.html

Price:

81.30 eu. 1200×1.5×1000 – Servei Estacio.

References:

1. Carey Jones Architects Design: The Soundhouse in United Kingdom 2008

http://www.dezeen.com/2008/09/24/soundhouse-by-careyjones-and-jefferson-sheard/

2.Carsten Nikolai “syn chron” pavilion 2004

http://www.carstennicolai.de/?c=works&w=syn_chron

3.Tom Wiscombe, Moca Pavilion, Los angeles 2013

http://www.tomwiscombe.com/project_008.html

4. Concrete and rubber lamps by Renate Vos 2013

http://design-milk.com/concrete-and-rubber-lamps-by-renate-vos/

5.Wolfgang Bittner, Lyndsey Housden, Yoko Seyama and Jeroen Uyttendaele. Plane Scape pavilion in the Royal Conservatory of The Hague. 2010

http://mycitylab.eu/amplifiedarchitecture/2010/09/

Transparent Group

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Fiberglass – Glass-Reinforced Plastic (GRP)

FORMULA/CHEMICAL COMPOSITION: (SiO₂)_n

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION:

Fiberglass is a strong lightweight material and is used for many products. Although it is not as strong and stiff as composites based on carbon fiber, it is less brittle, and its raw materials are much cheaper. Its bulk strength and weight are also better than many metals, and it can be more readily molded into complex shapes. Applications of fiberglass include, aircraft, boats, automobiles, bath tubs and enclosures, hot tubs, septic tanks, water tanks, roofing, pipes, cladding, casts, surfboards, and external door skins.

EXTRACTION PROCESS:

The process of manufacturing fibreglass is called pultrusion. The manufacturing process for glass fibers suitable for reinforcement uses large furnaces to gradually melt the silica sand, limestone, and other minerals to liquid form. It is then extruded through bushings, which are bundles of very small orifices (typically 5–25 micrometres in diameter for E-Glass, 9 micrometres for S-Glass). These filaments are then coated with a chemical solution.

BASIC PROPERTIES:  (e-glass)

Tensile Strength: 3445 (MPa)

Compressive Strength: 1080 (MPa)

Density: 2.58 (g/cm³)

Thermal Expansion: 5.4 (µm/m·°C)

3D Printing: used as filament

Recyclable

Low CO2 footprint

MATERIAL SUPPLIERS:

Servei Estacio http://www.serveiestacio.com/

PRICE:

4.20 euros per 1m²

REFERENCES: 

http://antoniopiosaracino.com/new-york-city-future-furnture-award-expanding-light/

http://www.evolo.us/architecture/tensioned-relaxations-playful-outdoor-structures-for-new-york-street-fair/

http://www.williamlishman.com/underground.htm

IMAGE: Jetson Green – www.jetsongreen.com

Hello, we are the cork Team (19 – organic). Matteo Silverio + Ran Shabtay

SCIENTIFIC NAME: QUERCUS SUBER

FORMULA /CHEMICAL COMPOSITION:

C123H182O56N
Ash 0.7%. total extractives 15.3%, Suberin 38.6%, Lignin 21.7% and polysaccharides 18.2%. The carbohydrate composition shows that glucose represents 50.6% of all monosaccharides, Xylose 35%, arabinose 7.0% and galactose and mannose respectively 3.6% and 3.4%.

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION:

Cork consists of the irregularly shaped, thin-walled, wax-coated cells that make up the peeling bark of many trees. Cork is unique because it is made of air-filled, watertight cells that are a remarkably effective insulating medium. The air pockets make cork very light in weight.

EXTRACTION PROCESS:

Cork material is harvested from the cork oak tree (Quercus Suber), but instead of needing to cut down the tree to source the benefit of the raw material as is done with the majority of all other wood species, the bark (or outer skin) of the tree is peeled off, and the tree is left to regenerate. For this reason, cork industry is regarded as environmentally friendly and sustainable.

BASIC PROPERTIES:

COMPRESSIVE STRENGH (kN/m2)                                86,30 (A)
TENSILE STRENGH (kN/m2)                                            294,20 (A)
STIFFNESS (kN/m2)                                                            335,39 (A)
DENSITY (Kg/m3)                                                                 150-160 (B)
CARBON FOOTPRINT COVERAGE (KgCO2/Kg)          0,19 (C)
3D PRINTING                                                                              -
MILLING                                                                                  YES
BASIC PROPRIETIES                                                           SOFT, FLEXIBLE,WARM
LASER                                                                                       YES
RECYCABLE                                                                            YES

NOTE:
A: CorkPanel BetonWood, material data sheet. More info: www.betonwood.com
B: Variable density according to the fabrication process
C: Geoff Hammond, Craig Jones – INVENTORY OF CARBON&ENERGY (ICE) VERSION 1.6a www.uea.ac.uk/~e680/energy/NBS-M016/ICE%20Version%201.6a.pdf

ADVANTAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL FABRICATION:

Cork is totally natural, 100% recyclable and available in many formats and thickness. Moreover, it’s impermeable to liquids, elastic, resilient, it possess acoustic insolation and it’s resistant to chemical and microbial attacks.

MATERIAL SUPPLIERS:

BCK barnacork – Carrer C/ Llull, 47-49 planta 4 local 5 T: 93 309 77 83 web: www.barnacork.com
Servicio Estación – Carrer d’Aragó, 270-272 T: 93 381 28 91 web: www.serveiestacio.com
Surotecnica – Carrer Muntaner, 56 T: 93 453 47 11 web: www.surotecnica.com

PRICE (915x610mm – thickness: 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 100)

BCK barnacork: 100 mm = 118,36 €  CHEAPEST: ~8,51 €/Kg

BIBLIOGRAPHY

WEB:

www.sustainablematerials.com/cork/
www.materialproject.org/wiki/Cork
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/06/120622162946.htm
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140416113012.htm
www.nature.com/srep/2012/120509/srep00403/full/srep00403.html
www.apcor.pt/artigo/cork-production.htm

BOOKS:

Helena Pereira, Cork: Biology, Production and Uses Hardbound 2007 – ISBN: 978-0-444-52967-1

PROJECT REFERENCE PHOTOS WITH INFOS AND LINKS

The Portugal Pavilion in EXPO Shanghai 2010

Designer: Arch. Carlos Couto
Date: 2010
Location: Shanghai

web: www.amorim.com/en/how-we-do-it/reference-projects/Portuguese-Pavilion-Expo/440/

Description:
Built with 5500 m2 of cork supplied by Corticeira Amorim, the Portuguese Pavilion at Expo 2010 Shanghai
was a surprise for its originality. The design was developed in harmony with the Better City, Better Life
concept, by using cork as the solution for an environment-friendly construction in the future.

Cork House

Designer: Arquitectos Anonimos and Paulo Teodósio
Date: 2007
Location: Esposende, Portugal

web: www.bjoku.com/cork-house-by-arquitectos-anonimos/

Description:

The shaped carcass, stoutly wrapped with cork bricks, deals a few radical ruptures, claiming a friendly
distance to the neighborhood. Inside, the expectable “ready to inhabit” combines a straight preview to the
changeable future and conditions, as direct as possible-translated in interior design.

Cork Pavilion

Date: 2013
Location: Portugal

web: www.inhabitat.com/portuguese-students-build-gorgeous-vaulted-pavilion-entirely-from-cork/

Description:
Students of the Advanced Program in Digital Architecture (CEAAD) in Portugal teamed up with the company
AMORIM Isolamentos to create a beautiful pavilion entirely from cork. The Vaulted Cork Pavilion was
parametrically designed, assembled out of hundreds of CNC-cut blocks, and then installed at the Concreta
2013 building expo in Porto.

The 2012 Serpentine Pavilion

Designer: Herzog & de Meuron and Ai Weiwei
Date: 2012
Location: London

web: www.dezeen.com/2012/05/08/serpentine-gallery-pavilion-2012-by-herzog-de-meuron-and-ai-weiwei/
Description:
Eleven columns characterising each past Pavilion, and a twelfth column representing the current structure,
support a floating platform roof 1,4 metres above ground. The Pavilion’s interior is clad in cork, a sustainable
building material chosen for its unique qualities and to echo the excavated earth.

Chaise Lounge Chair

Designer: DMFD Studio
Date: 2012
Location: USA

web: www.danielmichalik.com/
Description:
the sustainable lounge chair has a curved design mimicking a wave. The design is freestanding and balanced
on the curve of its base. As the material is lightweight, the chair is both stable and bouyant, and can be
rocked gently from side to side.