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Abstract

The draft study to the next document is a transportation project implemented by the Mayor of Bogotá, Colombia, in the area of Ciudad Bolivar, one of the most overlooked and higher infrastructure problems, social, accessibility sectors, public space etc. The project is an Aerial Cable, which could benefit thousands of people, as it reduces the travel time from home to Transmilenio portal, which is the mass transit system of Bogotá.

Aerial Cable This system will not change the aforementioned problems of this sector, but could help improve travel times that though they sound very simple, is of great benefit to people who previously took them go home to station about an hour in urban buses, the cable can they take about 15 minutes.

This project aims to shift some mistakes in the past, on issues of transport infrastructure projects, and being managed as an integral urban project than simply connecting point A to B without considering what passing on its route or immediate surroundings. They are analyzing the urban and social opportunities that can be integrated project around the cable stations, developing infrastructure projects, public space, and education and integrate into the community to participate and be part of the project.

Within the regulatory framework are problems legality of neighborhoods, areas that are protected land systems, sectors at risk of removal of masses, invaded rounds broken, damage to the ecological structure, which makes intervention to occur and the community outreach more difficult and requires more detail in the decisions that want to take.

All this occurs within a comprehensive improvement plan that can take several years to develop, but it is understood in any successful urban project to develop all the steps that are required.

1. The Site

Ciudad Bolivar stands out as one of the locations with the highest population receiving product expulsive phenomena displacement processes and of course the conflict armed, this added to which historically has been one of the locations with higher deficits of urban infrastructure, the present administration has set its sights on one of the components of urban infrastructure in order to provide mobility in this sector.

The transport system wiring, although it has been contributing to the displacement of people since more than a century, now becomes an alternative and yet in a mobility strategy, displacement and connectivity in one of the sectors most difficult topography of the city.

On the other hand the implementation of this urban system, at least proportionally should contribute in reducing social factors such as insecurity, lack of meeting places, and lack of facilities providing social services to the population.

To complement the implementation of the mobility system, it is necessary to establish a series of actions of different urban nature that contribute holistically to benefit the population, in this sense the Capital District and also from this document will define a complementary zonal urban project cable, so that the impact and area of influence to bring this system of mobility territorially extended to a larger number of beneficiaries.

The regularization of developments, legalization of urban settlements, priority areas of intervention, as well as planning tools and applied in the area of urban zonal project and articulated different actions cable deployment, management will contribute to an interagency intervention a comprehensive purpose not only contribute to a sector of the city, but also provide benefits to the general public.

1.1. Ecological Network

The Ecological Network of Bogota is a key component in the urban area the system of natural waterways; in the area of influence of the system there are two arms Urban Strategy Project Cable Air Ciudad Bolívar de la Quebrada Limas, part of the Rio Tunjuelo, and, as such part of such a structure, like the Peña Colorada creek that limited to rural areas and conditions including surveying and property has not been on the north side.

Like several of the channels in this basin, the Quebrada Limas was affected in his round by illegal developments in the 90s doubled the population of the town. The broken presented in the study area two arms whose channels have different topographical features, but they have in common the occurrence of several flood events in the late 90s and early last decade. In the southern part of the area of influence of the system with a channel that develops in the direction west east, is the Gorge Dam, characterized by a much lower occupation of their rounds. The plane of a third runway POT (Bogotá Normative) notes that in reality no longer exists as such it has been almost completely urbanized.

The main Ecological Network should ideally incorporate the elements of the water system (channels and rounds), parks and green areas, protected land areas, malls and areas of environmental protection arterial roads mesh in a complex system points, areas and corridors with vegetation that is an environmental active citizenship and has a fundamentally public.

In the study area, these elements are disjoint if not outright opposition. For ecological corridors round, that are still unoccupied stands, but are not axes of integration or tour but barriers to mobility and continuity of the urban fabric, if not scenarios of flooding and landslides.

This situation makes building relationships between elements of the ecological structure and Urban Public Spaces Strategy becomes a strategic variable first order for the formulation of the proposal.

1.2. Threats by landslides and flooding

80% of the study area presents threat removal in high or medium mass, largely associated quarries and illegal constructions. The floodplains of the round of Quebrada Limas has undergone mitigation works.

1.3. Urban Services

The study area participates Urban Services with 12 nodes smaller scale incorporating education and health services. Another relates to the great future urban node associated with the special management area round Tunjuelo River.

Among those incorporated by the POT nodes highlights of Vista Hermosa and Don Bosco, the first of which is very close to the future station Manitas-Villa Gloria. In that vein, we can say that the study area clearly not part of the main system facilities in the city, and although there is a lot of Urban Services, some of considerable magnitude, they do not generate zonal level, a clear structure of nodes or concentrations of services.

This dispersion pattern of spatial distribution of equipment is particularly problematic in an area where for topographical reasons connectivity of attractions of people is severely restricted. Furthermore, the Master Plan of Educational Urban Services did not foresee the creation or strengthening of any new node in the sector.

1.4. Urban Space System

The deficit we have of public space (1.8 m2 per capita), compounded by the poor state of the parks and the lack of accessibility due to its topography.

In turn, the sector has no connection with pedestrian sidewalks, malls, allowing connection between the different parks hindering access to these.

Due to social problems, local gangs, drug outlets, and unsafe sites that the community does not usually frequents, mostly inhabit the parks.

1. Project and its Social-Economic Context

With the above analysis of the place, it perceived that the place is unique and has its own different problems in any other area of intervention. You cannot address the intervention, as an urban project without considering the social component, perhaps in this case is the most important, since any erroneous intervention may create more problems for the sector.

2.1. Invisible Borders

Unfortunately for carelessness and inattention to these neighborhoods, have generated social problems of gangs that control territory and impose a domestic law, creating invisible boundaries, which may simply be a street where the inhabitants cannot cross because other gang will prohibit them.

2.2. Retrieving the environment

With the urban proposal, it is emphasized in the recovery of the main ecological structure, emphasizing the streams which over time have been invaded and polluted by growth unplanned neighborhoods.

It is an opportunity to recover these water sources for residents aware of the importance that this entails, and to develop multiple activities around them, from creating parks mitigation to the creation of urban cultures that once has tried to implement without much success.

In addition to the streams, the project aims to restore a quarry to return a park urban scale, which helps the soil settlement, and prevent erosion and land movement zones.

As already mentioned above, this sector lacks public services, and many people are obliged to discharge wastewater to natural water sources as well as waste with this change you want to give more attention is sought the community generating this environmental impact for the recovery of this sector.

2.3. New Economy

An informal economy is dominant in this area of the city, neighborhood economy, moving an internal market that suits the needs of residents. The real economy is not immune to this change that will generate a real estate speculation that makes everything change from increasing the price of land leases rooms for individuals or families living in one room is generated, makes have to find a new place to live a little further away from where they were located, unable to use the new benefits of urban project that is coming, and generating a new type of forced displacement.

It is noteworthy that in turn changes the local economy, it will generate new benefits and direct and indirect economic opportunities. Direct will be those who are involved in cable project as server system and indirect jobs of people, who will benefit from a new “tourist” movement that can generate, as far as happened in Medellin, people other sectors who want to go see the project appeared a new tourism in the city.

3. Final Result

A project that does not provide economic, social, environmental, urban factors, is not a sustainable project in time, as mentioned above, this transport system is not connecting one point to another in space, it is to see the opportunity for change that can have, to benefit thousands of people directly or indirectly, can generate a change in the spatial urban structure, and that is why if all these factors work is successful in a very sensitive area as is the neighborhood of Ciudad Bolivar.

It is critical to involve participatory community in a project of this nature, since these are frequent users, and having this type of intervention is beginning to generate and organize communities to improve urban conditions, and can get to meet many needs as the subject of facilities, public space, and infrastructure among others.

By way of introduction, I would like to point out that the gap between cities and rural areas have been increased more than ever before because of the rapid economic development in these day and age. So personally, I think a right policy, an investment program as well as good design strongly play an important role to shape current urban realities.

First of all, if urban and rural areas unplanned or disconnected, thereby leading to a lack of or poor urban infrastructure and social engineering, environmental pollution and landscape degradation. Additionally, the quality of life of city dwellers is improved, many people in rural areas tend to move to the cities to seek a better life with higher level of amenity. Consequently, the cities are not adequate space to cover a great number of people to live in, which results in the deterioration in the standard of living, for example, the services of health care are affected due to the annually overloaded hospitals. Furthermore, this problematic issue lays strain on the environment. Because of the proliferation of population in the cities, an enormous amount of waste are dumped into the environment everyday that leads to the heavy pollution. Last but not least, that the standard of living in cities outpaces that in the countryside gives rise to the discontent and social unrest. It inevitably widens the gap between the rich and the poor in society. For example, the underprivileged in remote regions are deprived of access to basic entertainment like theater or farmers in rural areas have to make ends meet everyday, however, rare still stuck in the vicious cycle of poverty.

On the other hand, A good urban design can meaningfully effected to the relationship between cities and rural areas such as improve the quality of life in the countryside, not only the quality of public transport services but also the public awareness should be raised offering a good health service to prolong life and encouraging people to retire in the countryside should also be considered, that helps attract more people to live in the rural areas.

Regarding to an example of the economic performance of country has been effected to urban design, I would like to present Ho Chi Minh city which locate in southern area in Vietnam.

Over 100 years ago, Ho Chi Minh city was planning very regulated, similar to chess board with unique accents such as Notre Dame Cathedral, Central Post Office, Opera House and Ben Thanh. The building density, green, area roads are reached “golden ratio”. But this concept of “golden ratio” is gone, replaced by “golden land”. Little development occurred from 1975 to 1986 in Vietnam’s a stagnant, post-war economy, almost vacant land, villas, offices in the center also become a land of gold and often land high-rise building with “economic efficiency”.

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To be more specific, there are many important events and changes in the population and built with a population of 5 million people on the day the war ended in 1975. Ho Chi Minh city quickly turned into a political headquarters, a commercial center and a huge military base. There are a lot of urban infrastructure, modern high-rise buildings, industrial and commercial buildings, major ports and most of the palace, the former head of France was reserved. A new feature of Saigon is a massive apartment building, especially Thanh Da apartment building complete apartment-style housing, with certain markets, schools, health clinics, cinemas, playgrounds, gardens, internal roads. Numerous large hospital birth as Cho Ray. Many hospitals especially by the United States Congress building in Cholon. Especially important is the Saigon is equipped modern infrastructure: highways, bridges, airports, harbor international standards, system utilities and new sewers.

The development of the city almost frozen for 15 to 1975, but after opening, since 1990, is experiencing an “urban explosion” a second time (after the first outbreak in decades 1960), had a positive impact and made it to become one of the most of dynamic and populous city in Southeast Asia. In 1990, a hug investment from foreign countries has quickly created a new face for the city. Twenty years ago, many large-scale urban projects such as Saigon South, buildings downtown, the release of Thi Nghe canal, East-West Highway, Tan Tao Industrial Park, the Thu Thiem project, Hung Temple, Ga aviation Tan Son Nhat international, the Saigon River bridges, the subway system is clear and will change the face of the open city.

Saigon South Urban which is foreign investment in the construction aims to create a new urban area next to the central business district. the master plan designed by the company’s largest US SOM (Skidmore, Owings & Merrill) implementation has won the honor of the AIA (American Association of Architects) in 1997 and was rated as a plan the most complete city put into the ocean and connected to Mekong Delta. This new urban area has become a typical pattern for modern urban development in Vietnam.

However, the most significated project is a renovation of Nhieu Loc-Thi Nghe canal, as it relates to a million people living in the locality urban districts, people who were residing in the polluted canals with the lowest incomes. This is a great achievement of the new government in the past because the former Saigon government was unable to do so.

Recently, the city has selected the company’s plans for urban planning consultant Sasaki US targets built on 770 hectares of land Thu Thiem district successfully brought the “century mark”. This is an architectural-urban scale, ambitious other cities, focusing the business district, houses, squares, recreation, tourism resorts urban nature Europe territory, is expected to connect with the old downtown Saigon and belt by 5 bridge, a tunnel. Nikken Sekkei plan to renovate and expand the center of trade-finance and heritage city is booted, connect with new urban area of Thu Thiem district.

Currently there are 15 industrial parks and export processing new (Tan Thuan, Linh Trung, Tan Tao) accounted for 6000 hectares with 980 enterprises. Especially the high-tech zones, software District 9, Quang Trung, the National University of Ho Chi Minh City in Thu Duc is another highlight of the city towards the knowledge society in the future.

The stock market in Vietnam first appeared here at the center of finance and other services in the triangular trade-finance avenues Ham Nghi, Ben Chuong Duong, Nguyen Hue. The shopping centers, supermarkets large bustling trade is a new face of the city today.

Compared to the old city center of Saigon by the French planning in the 19th century, the center of Ho Chi Minh City today showing strides of a municipality under 500 thousand people to a city nearly 8 million people, with 930 ha east bank of the Saigon River – including District 1 and part of three neighboring counties (District 3, District 4, and Binh Thanh), 657 hectares west bank of the Saigon River – including Thu Thiem District 2.

Plan of the existing center expansion will affect a lot to the economic and social life of the people. The total area of building floor space will increase, while the population remains, which means the rate per capita m2 area will increase, but the price of real estate is very expensive area. So take into account the priority right to build a new community in the periphery or in the Thu Thiem have good quality of life, with good transport links to the District 1, to facilitate people displaced workers out there with decent housing, more affordable with new jobs. Besides still convenient for those who still hold jobs in their current center.

In addition, construction area of downtown adding to serve the people of the city and visitors. So the first step to build traffic priority multicenter connect people everywhere can go downtown to work, study and entertainment in a convenient manner.

The development of high-rise buildings in the city. Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi and Vietnam’s cities have been spontaneous, unplanned. So not only did not bring stimulate economic development in urban areas, but also for traffic congestion, flooding, lack of electricity and water in the center of increasingly worse.

One solution is to identify high-rise high-rise core area for each urban center and the fashion avenue of tall buildings, combined with efficient public transport system.

In Ho Chi Minh City, we should identify the core area of tall center for the whole area is located in the East and West sides of the border according to the Le Loi – Ton Duc Thang extended to Thu Thiem Bridge – Axis detour supply Thu Thiem – Ham Nghi extended to Thu Thiem bridge – Le Loi. Core area storey complex will include the tallest building in the Thu Thiem and the lower boundary of District 1. From core high-rise buildings will be reduced in height, creating an overall shape urban center cone.

Expanding the main center

Oriented development of Ho Chi Minh City in 2025, the city will be urban dynamic pace of economic development and sustainability; the dynamic economic region of the country’s leading centers of regional economic and Asia; the financial trade center, world-class services, the center of high technology industry with a high degree of specialization; and is the center of culture, education, health care quality. Today, with a population of over 7 million people, Ho Chi Minh City are in overload. Dealing with risks, in the development orientation to 2025, the city determined the development of urban space will follow a multi-center, the development of satellite towns around to reduce population pressures. The main downtown (nuclear) sector continued to expand into the current and the Thu Thiem New Urban Area.

According to determine which city will bind to Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area (including Ho Chi Minh City and Tay Ninh provinces 7, Binh Phuoc, Binh Duong, Dong Nai and Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Long An and Tien Giang); simultaneously expanding in four directions, built satellite towns. The model developed in the form of the HCMC focus – multi-polar with the center pole radius of 15 km and 4 development. The center include: HCMC urban nucleus, the independent satellite towns are defined radius of 30km from the center of Ho Chi Minh City Urban nuclear (including Bien Hoa City, Dau Tp.Thu ), the satellite towns dependent (new urban Nhon Trach new urban Tam Phuoc (new urban airports), and the new urban Hiep Phuoc, Cu, Duc Hoa, Long Thanh Trang Bom, An Lac, Nha Be, Can Gio Di An – Thuan An urban and vicinity (including grade 3 -4 outer ring 3 as Dau, Eternal, Tan Uyen, Phuoc, Hau Nghia, Ben Luc, Giuoc).

Along with the urban nucleus, satellite urban areas are identified in four directions. Specific developments in Northeast associated with Di An District (Pacific) and Bien Hoa (Dong Nai), including the District 2, 9 and Thu Duc. This is considered the gateway to the direction of travel of the city and North Central provinces, as well as the main development directions for Thu Thiem New Urban Area, a new center attached to the existing center is District 1, 3 . Therefore, this new urban areas will be prioritized significant investment in infrastructure, technology and major projects have been implemented: tunnel, Thu Thiem, Phu My Bridge Avenue East – West … along with the existing transport routes as inter 25B, Hanoi Highway …, thereby creating a framework for infrastructure, help this region have more motivation to develop.

Some projects bridges connecting HCMC with Nhon Trach (Dong Nai) is also being considered. The kernel of this area may include the high-tech park 872ha scale, the National University of 800ha and a number of other functional areas to form the urban areas – science – technology in District 9 and Thu Duc . Motivation most significant development, this area is Long Thanh International Airport. The airport is about 40km from Ho Chi Minh City, is expected to build on the land with an area of 5.000ha (6 times the area of Tan Son Nhat airport), is designed with the technical system consists of four runways and four station, meet the transport 70 million passengers / year. This will be the largest airport in the region in the future.

As predicted, 2025 Ho Chi Minh City has 10 million people and will be a dynamic metropolitan world class. Development of urban space taking into account the connections with the neighboring urban areas, the development of the region which made urban appearance has changed towards more modern. Planning to expand and develop the city in four directions, built satellite towns such is considered both reasonable and flexible medium, surely solve the overcrowding of the population, while meeting the HCMC development needs of a modern metropolitan regional level as well as the world.

City Development Planning in 2025 reflected the expectations and great determination from those who have the responsibility of the City. Currently, the city is developing many new urban areas. As time moves along with science and frugal, the appearance of a city that harmoniously combines the traditional with the modern, promote good character of the nation will gradually perfect, is worthy attractive to the investors, the dynamic economic center of the country.