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Crude Steel 0.6mm

By Fathimath Sujna Shakir | Published: October 17, 2014

Digital Fabrication – Material Research

MATERIAL - Crude Steel 0.6mm thick sheets (Minerals)

SCIENTIFIC NAME

Crude steel does not have a scientific name since it is a mixture of carbon and iron

FORMULA / CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Fe + C

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION

Iron that has been decarburized (process of converting molten iron into crude steel by reducing its carbon content) but has not yet been refined into a definite steel grade.
This is the first solid state of steel after melting also referred to as raw steel.
A non-alloy steel by definition as it does not yet contain specified amounts of any alloying element.
As this description is based only on visual inspection this sheet could be one of the 3 categories of non- alloy steel; low carbon steel/mild steel (<0.3% C), medium carbon steel (0.3 to 0.6% C) or high carbon steel (>0.6% C). While 90% of steel produced are non-alloy, the larger share is taken by mild steel.

*Statistics reference from: http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=34828

EXTRACTION PROCESS

Most steel is made thru one of two basic ways:

-Integrated (blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace).

-Electric arc furnace (EAF).

The integrated route uses raw materials (that is, iron ore, limestone and coke) and scrap to produce steel. The EAF technique uses scrap as its prime input.

The EAF method is much simpler and faster since it only requires scrap steel. Recycled steel is led into a furnace and re-melted along with some other additions to produce the end product.

In modern machines molten steel is straight away processed and cut into either thick or thin slabs depending on the need for it. As for thinner more precise measurements like the 0.6mm thick sheets, thin slabs are flat rolled in rolling mills.

BASIC PROPERTIES

Compressive Strength (N/M2): 170,000,000 – 310,000,000

Tensile Strength (N/M2): 480,000,000 – 620,000,000

Stiffness (N/M2): 200,000,000,000

Density (KG/M3) : 7,750 – 8,050

Carbon Footprint (Average KGCO2E/KG): 2.5

Recyclable: Yes. Steel’s unique magnetic properties make it an easy material to recover from the waste stream to be recycled. The properties of steel remain unaffected no matter how many times the steel is recycled. Steel is the world’s most recycled material.

Laser: Yes

Small Laser: Yes

Milling: Yes

3D Printing: Yes

ADVANTAGES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL FABRICATION

One of the most favourable properties of steel is that the required strength can be attained through the fabrication process depending on the end product and its use. This is because the crystalline structure is manipulated throughout the heating and cooling.
Fixing can be either mechanical or through fusion
Can be cast into molds in molten state.
Allows forging and stamping: forging is heating until plastic and then beating into shape whereas stamping is achieving the desired shape by squeezing sheets between matching dies.
Sawing, shearing and punching.
Steel is very friendly to the environment. It is completely biodegradable, holds great durability, and, compared to other materials, requires comparatively low amounts of energy to produce. Steel plates can be used on several machines including CNC milling and Laser cutting machines. Since steel is a widely used material the steel industry has made huge efforts to limit environmental pollution in the last decades.

MATERIAL SUPPLIERS IN BARCELONA

Servei Estacio – Arago, 270-272, 08007, Barcelona, Spain

6.90 Euro – 500x250mm sheet of thickness 0.6mm

http://www.mwmaterialsworld.com/es/

PROJECT REFERENCES

Norwegian wild reindeer centre pavilion (2011)

Minimalist Rectangular House: temporary shelter for visitors who come to listen to lectures about the unique nature and history of plateau Dovre Mountain.

Location: Hjerkinn, Norway

photograph by: Klaas Van Ommeren

Reading Between the Lines (2011)

Transparent Steel Church: 34 ft. tall steel church made out of 100 stacked layers of steel and 2000 steel column plates

Location: Looz, Limburg, Belgium

Balsa wood (Ochroma pyramidale)

By Giuseppe di Domenico | Published: October 17, 2014

http://www.wood-database.com/lumber-identification/hardwoods/balsa/

Posted in Borislav Schalev, Giuseppe di Domenico | Comments closed

Hemp Fabric

By Hashem Joucka | Published: October 17, 2014

Source: http://www.bambrotex.com/hemp.htm

Hemp chair – a chair made of natural fibers
The design studio of Werner Aisslinger and BASF are presenting the new “Hemp chair” made of renewable raw materials, such as hemp and kenaf, during the Milano Furniture Fair 2011.

https://www.dispersions-pigments.basf.com/portal/basf/ien/dt.jsp?setCursor=1_624344

Fashion Design Exploration with Hemp Fiber
The Barcelona Fab textiles based in  the Stigmergic Fibers (A new approach to material behaviour) designed by Jean Akanish,  Jin Shihui , Alexander Dolan and  Ali Yerdel in the Master for Advanced Architecture (IAAC 2012-2013_ Digital Tectonics – Fabrication Ecologies) is working in a new technology for fashion design related with natural hemp fibers.

http://fabtextiles.org/fashion-design-exploration-with-natural-hemp-fibers/

HEMPWAVE – LED array low voltage lighting

Hempwave lamp was made using the process of vacuum infusion… combining SuperSap, a low VOC, natural epoxy resin, with the strongest fiber on the planet: hemp.

http://www.coroflot.com/casperdub/LAMPS

IaaC Research: Digital Tectonics- Fabrication Ecologies

http://www.iaac.net/students-research/digital-matter-intelligent-constructions-8/digital-tectonics-2012-2013-fabrication-ecologies-218

Hempcrete

Hempcrete is a mixture of hemp hurds (shives) and lime (possibly including natural hydraulic lime, sand, pozzolans or cement) used as a material for construction and insulation.It is marketed under names like Hempcrete, Canobiote, Canosmose, and Isochanvre.Hempcrete is easier to work with than traditional lime mixes and acts as an insulator and moisture regulator. It lacks the brittleness of concrete and consequently does not need expansion joints.

http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2010/01/16/hemcrete-smoking-hot-walls-7-times-tougher-than-concrete/

References:

http://www.fastcodesign.com/1663409/high-chair-a-lounger-made-of-hemp-for-stylish-stoners

http://fabtextiles.org/fashion-design-exploration-with-natural-hemp-fibers/

http://legacy.iaacblog.com/blog/2013/machinic-conversation-ii/

http://www.coroflot.com/casperdub/LAMPS

http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2010/01/16/hemcrete-smoking-hot-walls-7-times-tougher-than-concrete/

http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Industrial-Hemp.html

http://textilefashionstudy.com/chemical-composition-of-hemp-fiber-natural-fiber/

http://oecotextiles.wordpress.com/2011/01/19/estimating-the-carbon-footprint-of-a-fabric/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp#Environmental_impact

http://compositesuk.co.uk/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=fXUVzqsop_E%3D&tabid=100&mid=503

http://cost-fp0802.tuwien.ac.at/fileadmin/mediapool-cost/Diverse/Stockholm_Workshop/Svennerstedt.pdf

http://www.hemptraders.com/Hemp-Textile-Properties-s/1881.htm

Posted in Samuel Shapiro | Tagged Digital fabrication, hemp, IAAC, MAA01, organic | Comments closed

CHAPA ALUMINIUM 1mm

By Adhitya Rathinam | Published: October 17, 2014

SCIENTIFIC NAME:

Aluminium 3003-H14 (AL 3003-H14)

It was Sir Humphry Davy in the 1800s that he named it. It was from the word Alumen which means ‘to have a bitter taste.

FORMULA/CHEMICAL COMPOSITION:

Aluminium alloys in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal.The typical alloying elements are copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, tin and zinc. 3000 series are alloyed with Manganese.

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION:

Aluminium Sheet is metal formed by an industrial process into thin, flat pieces. It is one of the fundamental forms used in metalworking and it can be cut and bent into a variety of shapes. Aluminium is also a popular metal used in sheet metal due to its flexibility, wide range of options, cost effectiveness, and other properties. The four most common aluminium grades available as sheet metal are 1100-H14, 3003-H14, 5052-H32, and 6061-T6.

EXTRACTION PROCESS:

In its alloy form Aluminium passes through a hot-rolling mill and is then transferred to a cold-rolling mill, which can gradually reduce the thickness of the metal down to as low as 0.05 mm. Rolled products are categorized as either foil (less than 0.2 mm thick), sheet (0.2-6 mm), or plate (thicker than 6 mm).

BASIC PROPERTIES:

Comprehensive Strength [N/M2]: 14×10^{^6} N /M2

Tensile Strength [N/M2]: 15×10^{^7} N /M2

Stiffness [N/M2]:

Density [KG/M3]: 2730 KG/M3

RECYCLABLE:

Fully recyclable with no downgrading of quality, aluminium is the most cost-effective material to recycle In fact, 75% of the aluminium produced since its discovery is still in use today.

Laser: Effective

Milling: Effective

3D Printing: Effective

ADVANTAGES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL FABRICATION:

AL 3003 H14 is relatively low in cost and widely available. The main alloying ingredient is manganese which makes it a good choice for spun, formed or stamped parts and can be easily welded. 3003 has excellent workability, weldability, and good corrosion resistance. Typical applications for 3003 H14 include: mail boxes, cabinets, fan blades, awnings, siding, kitchen equipment, decorative trim, architectural uses, signage applications, etc.

MATERIAL SUPLIERS:

Servicio Estacion, Carrer d’ Arago

http://servei@serveiestacio.com

PRICE:

1200mm x 10mm x 1mm = 4,4 Euros

REFERENCE IMAGES:

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