Emil Burulyanov
Site Analysis & Strategy
Click here to download Panel 1 PDF – Site Analysis and Strategy
Analysis and Decisions
IaaC Blog
Inside the Institute
MAA 2014-2015
MAA 02
MAI
Valldaura Labs
Open Thesis Fabrication
Research Trips
Category Archives: S5. Environmental Performance Modelling
ECOTECH- self sufficient building
This first analysis was about the energy which could be spend at each SM on different loccation.For Studio II our proposal was a self sufficient building hotel. The building that has been worked had severals changes to fit in my conception…The possibility about the room change position could be a way to the guest control by himself the natural source without spend energy.The graphic below shows some general values according with the colors.
This building have one of the proposal ,the fact of the rooms going out from the normal location.On that shot this analysis shows a morning shadows projecting on the ground .We can can see difference colors shadows depending of the how deep the rooms are been projecting from in side to out side.
The last one was an analysis that was not efficient from the perpective. The intention was not to relate some vales linking with the sun light but the way we could get to view a out side sun from inside position.The room was not at the right proportion so the shadows inside of the room occupy mostly the space .
Ecotect – Mechanic Applications
Project Description:
light seeking machines are programmed to push grounded bricks towards light cast onto the floor. (eg. the sunlight coming through a window). As the sun rises and sets the light path moves and the bricks follow, thus creating emergent patterns.
Lighting simluations via Ecotect will be used to:
1. Study how brick placement can change the daylight factor
2. Speculate and map the potential “buildable” area
3. Help calibrate the sensitivity of the machine’s light sensors (eg. only drive towards x range in lumens)
Daylight Factor – Analysis Grid:
This study shows how will the number of bricks, it’s placement and material effect the daylight factor of a space?
Using Tedngai’s “Ecotect Analysis Grid 2 Rhino” script, DF analysis data was converted to a surface as a means of 3D mapping “buildable“ area. The surface peaks and valleys represent high and low lumen levels, and or the absence or prsence of a brick.
Sample Ecotect Data:
1.2768, 1.28509, 1.28971, 2.2466, 3.2209, 6.85491, 13.5377, 16.4381, 17.3614, 19.4248, 19.1552, 17.8918, 17.594, 14.5499, 6.93391, 2.14391, 2.20469, 1.53283, 1.28647, 1.27194, 2.30118, 2.73324, 2.74547, 3.41999, 6.16329, 8.74706, 12.8397, 15.7009, 16.3073, 16.8703, 17.0259, 16.4576, 14.7066, 12.666, 8.22195, 4.83835, 2.97473, 2.02677, 2.40924, 2.30426, 2.0747, 2.02002, 2.69397, 3.96526, 5.18788, 7.06709, 9.70132, 11.1143, 12.1092, 13.5396, 11.7393, 12.2442, 11.5015, 9.74278, 6.9234, 4.75648, 3.81966, 3.62953, 2.42884, 2.75764, 1.83838, 1.94818, 2.2208, 3.75749, 4.04008, 5.90577, 7.41432, 8.33884, 9.43079, 9.25285, 9.03335, 8.62411, 8.31394, 7.14627, 5.73228, 3.91285, 3.94581, 3.76494, 2.97021, 2.5216, 1.89475, 2.14126, 3.055, 3.08061, 2.89965, 4.04766, 5.57898, 6.80126, 6.36056, 6.40134, 6.67575, 7.15078, 5.91055, 5.69576, 4.27529, 3.05747, 2.99106, 3.09462, 2.20309, 2.05633,
1.85562, 2.03552, 3.10559, 2.49052, 3.13657, 3.41528, 5.54401, 5.92736, 6.36552, 5.90912, 5.88865, 6.22181, 6.2505, 5.57344, 4.11307, 3.71256, 3.17819, 2.73857, 1.96613, 3.06346, 2.01836, 2.02988, 2.26621, 2.35518, 3.38627, 3.344, 4.12191, 3.99017, 4.26249, 4.88275, 4.80359, 4.77441, 4.54185, 4.21487, 3.04055, 3.04184, 2.35258, 2.26329, 1.94979, 1.9444, 1.90657, 2.31015, 2.42426, 2.38327, 2.82048, 2.84921, 3.04882, 3.74024, 3.54746, 4.0733, 3.77888, 3.4448, 3.30655, 3.87451, 3.02156, 2.93381, 3.04403, 2.37739, 2.16169, 1.75126, 1.79731, 2.16931, 2.24606, 2.35343, 2.81032, 2.36299, 3.24828, 3.10861, 3.5611, 3.06863, 3.19607, 3.57656, 3.15272, 3.18106, 2.37691, 2.42856, 2.24275, 1.9301, 2.16177, 1.62165, 2.13292, 1.90805, 1.95094, 2.0845, 2.36087, 2.33945, 2.7065, 2.82244, 2.27793, 2.52459, 2.57047, 3.29654, 2.67105, 2.57165, 2.75952, 2.37649, 1.95443, 1.97441, 1.92028, 1.77821,
1.41463, 1.58291, 2.00339, 2.00491, 2.26463, 1.8814, 2.3462, 2.30018, 2.37029, 2.60315, 2.60932, 2.44595, 2.74773, 2.57349, 2.31259, 2.23082, 2.06018, 2.02529, 1.9747, 1.72442, 1.6252, 1.88378, 1.61556, 2.26583, 1.98621, 2.32065, 2.27648, 2.52604, 2.45433, 2.76427, 2.46203, 2.74566, 3.12017, 3.00515, 2.29023, 1.89043, 1.71414, 1.86376, 1.57139, 1.4298, 1.56866, 1.52367, 1.86996, 1.47389, 2.20521, 1.97464, 2.366, 0, 2.96831, 0, 0, 3.04562, 0, 0, 2.24489, 1.906, 1.79433, 1.72464, 1.61449, 1.58028, 1.59958, 1.44488, 1.46463, 1.82442, 1.55283, 1.95514, 2.27154, 2.33628, 2.42075, 2.46626, 0, 2.10981, 1.96945, 2.27968, 2.1647, 1.9145, 1.54681, 1.75096, 1.45142, 1.45571, 1.37694, 1.41833, 1.47806, 1.76558, 1.86742, 1.41017, 2.28152, 1.92666, 0, 2.4009, 2.37541, 0, 1.97827, 1.96118, 1.95548, 1.57764, 1.83329, 1.42455, 1.40263, 1.56174, 1.50026, 1.39591, 1.39619, 1.53413, 1.49531, 1.43636, 1.8753, 1.84723, 2.19027, 1.90457, 0, 1.83741, 1.63231, 1.77766, 1.56946, 1.5087, 1.50814, 1.50956, 1.46052, 1.57554,
Rhinoscript to Convert Ecotect Data:
Option Explicit
'Script written by Ted Ngai Apr 2008
'This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License.
'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/
Call ReadPts()
Sub ReadPts()
Dim strFilter, strFileName
strFilter = "Text File (*.txt)|*.txt|All Files (*.*)|*.*||"
strFileName = Rhino.OpenFileName("Open Point File", strFilter)
If IsNull(strFileName) Then Exit Sub
Dim objFSO, objFile, objFileCC
Set objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
On Error Resume Next
Set objFile = objFSO.OpenTextFile(strFileName, 1)
Set objFileCC = objFSO.OpenTextFile(strFileName, 1)
If Err Then
MsgBox Err.Description
Exit Sub
End If
'Read all the numbers into an array
Dim txt, a
txt = objFile.ReadAll
a = Split(txt,",")
If Not IsArray(a) Then Exit Sub
'Rhino.Print Ubound(a)
'Rhino.Print a(0)
'Check for number of columns
Dim col, row, b
row = 1
b = objFileCC.ReadLine
col = Split(b,",")
'Check for number of rows
Do While objFileCC.AtEndOfStream <> True
objFileCC.SkipLine
row = row+1
Loop
Rhino.Print "U : " & Ubound(col)
Rhino.Print "V : " & row
'create points
Dim u,v, x, y, z, n,nMax, arrPoints()
'Find max value
Dim aMax, aTemp, k
ReDim aTemp(row*Ubound(col)-1)
k = 0
For v = 1 To row
For u = 1 To Ubound(col)
aTemp(k) = CDbl(a(k))
k = k+1
Next
Next
aMax = Rhino.SortNumbers(aTemp, False)
'assign value to x,y,z
n = 0
nMax = row*Ubound(col)
ReDim arrPoints(nMax-1)
'Call Rhino.EnableRedraw(False)
For v = 1 To row
For u = 1 To Ubound(col)
'Scale the u v points or apply mathematical other functions to transform the points
x=10*u
y=10*v
z=(CDbl(a(n))/aMax(0)*50)-55
arrPoints(n) = array(x,y,z)
n = n+1
Next
Next
Dim UVcount(1)
UVcount(0) = Ubound(col)
UVcount(1) = row
If Ubound(col) > 1 And row > 1 Then
Rhino.AddsrfPtGrid UVcount,arrPoints
Else
Rhino.Print "Cannot make surface"
End If
'Call Rhino.EnableRedraw(True)
objFile.Close
Set objFile = Nothing
Set objFSO = Nothing
End Sub
Once in Rhino, the infomation was altered via the mesh patch command in order to make a more legible surface
Results from Data:
Further Alterations:
The data currently shows the presence of bricks as valleys and the absence of bricks as peaks. Further alterations to the script itself or to the surface in Rhino in order to reverse the values. By doing so, this information can simulate what the brick composition may look like.
Lighting and Solar exposure analysis
There are very interesting things to be analysed, when a classroom is the subject.
First of all, the important thing is having enough natural light reaching everywhere.
LIGHTING ANALYSIS
In Bulgaria (my country) the regulations require to have at least 300 lux measured in the dark corners of the room, at 70cm distance from the floor (the regular school desk high is 60-70cm depending on the age of the students).
So, in Ecotect, I made a model of a classroom (7,5 x 11meters) facing east with 3 regular windows with 4,4m2 each (or 13,2m2) and a desk at the darker corner of the room which is 70cm from the floor.
the model
I measured the light at 10am in the morning, on 21st of december (when the light conditions are worst). From the analysis I can see that the light at the corners is not enough for the requirements. And as a result, I need bigger windows
The windows here have a surface of 5,5m2 (or 16,5m2 for all of them). As a result, the lux measured at the darker corner of the desk is close to 370lux, so now I can say that the result is good and it can meet the regulations in Bulgaria.
THERMAL ANALYSIS
Lets start again with a geometry made in Ecotect. I will use the same classroom, for which I already know how big windows should be. But to make it more real, I will have to use a corridor zone behind the classroom, and 2 more classrooms surrounding my zone which I will explore. The idea is having more options and things to change.
Firstly, lets see how the room is performing if there are 30 kids (65W each-typing) inside all of the classrooms, but the materials are standart (single brick walls etc.). The operation hours are set to weekdays only between 7:00 and 18:00. The air change rate for the classrooms are 0,5 and for the corridor is set to 2. Natural ventilation system.
winter period
summer period
We can see, that during the time of occupancy the temperatures inside the classroom are almost equal and are close to the lower normal conditions (18-25 degrees) even though the temperature outside is very different. That is because of the high U-value of the standard materials of Ecotect, which allows the temperature losses during the time when there is nobody in the classrooms. However, 30 kids typing (65W) are enough to heat up the room close to 18 degrees. However, this is not enough for a classroom and other problem is that the first 1 hour is very cold through the year and it takes time for having close to normal conditions inside.
In Bulgaria, the National standard requires different (far lower) U values for the materials used in constructions. The requirements are: walls inside-not more than 0,5; doors/windows-not more than 2; walls (exterior) – not more than 0,35; roofs, slabs etc (exterior) – not more than 0, 25; etc.
winter period-BG National standard materials
summer period-BG National standard materials
We can see, that now, using the Bulgarian National standard materials for all seasons we have comfortable temperature inside the classroom that does not depend on the occupancy so much. Also, there is no more 1 hour uncomfortable temperature period before having normal temperatures inside like in the previous graph. On top of that, we can see that during the summer period, there is no need for occupancy, the temperatures are constantly between 22-24 degrees, doesn`t matter of how many people are there.
But can we spend less money from somewhere? What about having cheap windows with higher U-value (single glazed)
winter period-BG materials-cheap windows
summer period-BG materials-cheap windows
During the summer period, we can see that with cheaper windows there is almost no difference, but during the winter period, the classroom is almost cold, even when there is occupancy inside. And 18 degrees are not enough for sitting kids. So, good windows are must.
It is interesting to see how things are different during the winter (the worst case), if there are no kids in the other classrooms but only in the classroom where we are making the thermal analysis.
winter period-no kids in the other classrooms
Conclusions:
Low U-value walls, roofs, windows, etc worth investing in climate conditions like in Bulgaria.
The occupancy does not make a big difference when a good materials were used.
The cheap windows are not good enough because of the cold winter. During the summer, there is no difference. So maybe for hot climates, expensive windows are not the key, but a good isolation on the roof, walls, etc.
house in greece environmental performance study
For the purpose of this seminar I am going to study the environmental performance for a house of 140 m2 I designed which is currently being under construction. During the design of the house I used the theoretical backgound of sustainable design.In this assignment I am going to use Ecotect in order to 1) assess the so far design choices made 2) optimise the environmental performanceof the design through moderate changes in shading elements types and materials.
One of the most important decisions in design was the house’s orientation. In order to maximize the solar gains in winter and minimise them during summer the houses largest percentage of openings were orientated towards the south.
summer incident solar radiation
winter incident solar radiation
In a diagramatical comparison of the total incident solar radiation expressed in cumulative values we see in the summer the house gets less exposed to incident solar radiation than in the winter due to its orientation.
By conducting thermal analysis on the actual orientation of the house we get total number of 17296932 Wh for heating and cooling gains on a fully airconditioning model.
On a hypothetical 37 deg rotation of the North (which would place the house orthogonally to the site) the same analysis we get the sum of 16247432 Wh
Although, the same analysis on an only heating model proves that the thermal confort is covered by a percentage of that ranges from 86.2% to 89.6% . The conclusion could be that the house could function without cooling systems supporting it.
annual distribution of temeratures in fully air-conditioned model (zone6)
On a hypothetical 37 deg rotation of the North (which would place the house orthogonally to the site) the same analysis proves that the percentage of thermal confort drops to 82.5%-87.9% while the thermal analysis on the actual orientation of the house provides a number of 17296932 Wh for heating and cooling gains on a fully air-conditioning model.
For the master bedroom (zone 5) two different types of shading were tested through the software: vertical and rotated louvres.
VERTICAL LOUVRES
HOURLY TEMPERATURES – Saturday 30th June (181)
Zone: Zone 5
Avg. Temperature: 26.1 C (Ground 17.9 C)
Total Surface Area: 86.400 m2 (540.0% flr area).
Total Exposed Area: 56.800 m2 (355.0% flr area).
Total South Window: 0.000 m2 (0.0% flr area).
Total Window Area: 3.340 m2 (20.9% flr area).
Total Conductance (AU): 84 W/°K
Total Admittance (AY): 322 W/°K
Response Factor: 3.57
ROTATED LOUVRES
HOURLY TEMPERATURES – Saturday 30th June (181)
Zone: Zone 5
Avg. Temperature: 26.1 C (Ground 17.9 C)
Total Surface Area: 86.400 m2 (540.0% flr area).
Total Exposed Area: 56.469 m2 (352.9% flr area).
Total South Window: 0.000 m2 (0.0% flr area).
Total Window Area: 3.340 m2 (20.9% flr area).
Total Conductance (AU): 83 W/°K
Total Admittance (AY): 321 W/°K
Response Factor: 3.58
From the comparison in these two cases we see a minimal increase on the responce factor and a 0.331 m2 decrease on the exposed area. Therefore the impact of the orientation of the louvres is minimal on a horisontal placement.
Posted in S5. Environmental Performance Modelling Tagged environmental, S1. Ecotect, sustainable design 1 Comment